The Accounting Equation Free Essays

Bookkeeping is established on the essential condition that expresses a company’s Assets equivalent their complete Liabilities in addition to their all out Owner’s Equity . This condition is summed up as ALOE . This isthe premise of the Balance Sheet. We will compose a custom article test on The Accounting Equation or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Resources are the company’s furniture, installations and gear, physical property, licensed innovation and different assets. These properties incorporate the physical land just as the equipmentand building enhancements for the property. A company’s liabilities are the entirety of the commitments that the organization has acquired. Thecompany needs to support these liabilities by making installments on them. These installments may takethe type of money salary or might be sourced from advanced monies. On the off chance that they obtain cash, this is anadditional risk. Risk is â€Å"money owed; obligations or financial obligations† (Dictionary. com,2009). Liabilities counterbalance resources in the condition that is the Balance Sheet. Owner’s Equity, otherwise called owner’s/shareholder’s value, is the last factor in theequation. At the point when liabilities are deducted from resources, the rest of the equalization is the owner’s value. The term owner’s value is utilized for exclusive organizations. In the event that the business is an incorporatedentity which gave regular stock in return for a level of organization proprietorship, at that point theowner’s value is named owner’s/shareholder’s value. Money, stocks and held profit are allowner’s/shareholder’s value. E1-1 Urlacher Company gives the accompanying bookkeeping administration undertakings every year. Correspondence †Analysis and understanding of monetary information. Correspondence †Interpretation of importance, uses and cutoff points of money related information. Correspondence †Compiling a synopsis of money related occasions. Correspondence †Accounting report readiness. Recording †Maintaining a direct, sequential record of money related information. The most effective method to refer to The Accounting Equation, Essay models

Automotive production levels Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Car creation levels - Research Paper Example Subtleties Quarter finishing 31st August 2012 Quarter finishing 31st August 2011 1 Production levels 9.026 million Units 8.385 million Units 2 Inventory levels $ 14.32 billions $ 12.13 billions 3 Operational expenses $ 144.62 billions $ 130.50 million 4 Sales $ 150.30 billions $ 135.40 billions 5 Price $ 16,650.00 $ 16,150.00 1. Request - gracefully examination Price $ 5,000 $ 10,000 $ 15,000 $ 20,000 Units sold 15,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 The above table shows various units that clients are wishing to purchase at various costs. Given a cost of $5,000, clients are eager to buy 15,000 units, and this number lessens to 8,000 units given a cost of $ 20,000. Graphical portrayal Price 20,000 f a? g ?e 15,000 ? Balance point (e0) 10,000 h ? ? 5,000 c ? ?b j k 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 Quantity requested The above diagram inclines downwards from left to right. Eminently, as cost diminishes, amount of cars requested increments and it turns the other way around when the cost increments. 2. Balance cost and amount The point (e0) gives the balance cost of $ 12,250 and amount $ 12,000 units. This point speaks to the great value that the purchasers are happy to pay for a specific vehicle model they purchase from the organization. Any point over the harmony cost speaks to a more significant expense with relating lower amounts of cars sold. Then again, any point underneath the balance point speaks to a lower cost at which the purchasers would purchase a greater amount of cars. As indicated by the information gathered for General Motors, the above diagram shows that the organization is selling at significant expenses, which results to diminished amount requested. The organization is offering its vehicles at a normal cost of $ 16,550, whereby 9.026 million units are sold. To boost the quantity of units sold, the administration ought to consider bringing down the cost because of the market powers of interest and gracefully, up to $ 12,250 so as to accomplish harmony. Now, the amount requested will increment by 2.974 million units. This activity will make General Motors autos less expensive than those of the contenders, in this way expanding their interest. Curiously, the interest will proceed to develop and will in the end lead to expanded creation that will empower the organization to appreciate expanded economies of scale from the providers of crude materials (Arribas et al., 2009). Since General Motors is a worldwide organization, the expanded interest will make inside favorable circumstances the firm, just as result to the foundation of extra auxiliaries over the globe. 3. Value Elasticity of Demand Price flexibility of interest alludes to change in amount requested because of noteworthy change in cost. To determine value versatility of interest, the accompanying recipe is utilized: Price flexibility of interest = (Q1-Q2)/(Q1+Q2) (P1-P2)/(P1+P2) The interest is supposed to be versatile if the value flexibility is more noteworthy than 1. This infers t he amount requested changes quicker than the cost. Then again, if the value versatility of interest is lesser than one, the value flexibility is supposed to be inelastic suggesting that the amount requested changes more slow than the cost. Finally, on the off chance that value versatility showed up at is equivalent to one, at that point this is alluded to unitary condition, which shows that amount requested and value changes at a similar rate (Freeman, 1977). Calculation of value flexibility of interest for GM P1-$ 12,250 P2-$ 16,650 Q1-$ 12,000 Q2-$ 9,026 Therefore, Price versatility

Battery Disposal and Recycling

Battery Disposal and Recycling Battery Disposal and Recycling Home›Research Posts›Battery Disposal and Recycling Research PostsIntroductionWhen Alessandro Volta, the Italian inventor who invented the battery back in the year 1800 did it, the main idea was to store energy for use in future (Zhou, Naim and Wang 2007, p. 58). Despite the initial idea, the nature of the battery has not quite changed that much. In most cases, lead-acid batteries are used in vehicles and other automobiles while household batteries make use of Zinc Manganese batteries (p. 59). These batteries do have some harmful chemicals that are contained in them. The mains purpose of this research is to try and evaluate the extent to which disposal of batteries is done and the kind of challenges / problems that this brings on both the environment and more specifically on humans. The report will also seek information about the problems that are also faced in other regions like in China and the US. The way in which people utilize their batteries a s well as the ways in which they use while charging their batteries also matters since these factors affect the battery life (Potter 2005, p. 15). For example, if an individual or multiple cell (s) are broken, the cell may not function properly leading to reduction in cell life.Materials used in batteriesTalking in general terms, batteries are made up of materials that have been found to be toxic to both the environment and humans too. This does not exclude the animals within as the same substances also affect them. Batteries are made using lead (Miller 2004, p. 91), nickel, lithium, manganese, mercury, cadmium, zinc and a host of other corrosive electrolytes (Zhou, Naim and Wang 2007, p. 58).According to a report on hi-tech gadgets dabbed Beware of pollution from hi-tech gadgets (2002), it is found that platinum contains different poisons that are in the battery including lead and heavy metals like mercury that are immense pollutants to the environment at large (p. 1). In addition to this, the corrosive materials / electrolytes that are used in the lead-acid batteries have been found to affect the environment to a great deal since it is mostly made up of dilute sulphuric acid (Miller 2004, p. 91). A combination of these materials shows, just as seen in Recycling key to toxic waste management (1996, p. 34), the most effective way to deal with the menace is to recycle the materials. Recycling reduces the need to extract more virgin materials to address the same problem since there is continued reuse of previous materials that would have otherwise been disposed (Recycling key to toxic waste management 1996, p. 34).Effects of badly disposed batteriesIn a report on Recycling key to toxic waste management (1996, p. 34), it is noted that plastics, acid and lead are in most cases poorly discarded, which is mostly on open fields. In so doing, there is disregard of environmental and health hazards (Beware of pollution from hi-tech gadgets 2002, p. 1).When lead is expos ed in small chunks to small children (mainly those below the age of six years) and foetuses, it has been seen that there are adverse effects that happen to them. To start with, there is a recorded decrease in the level of IQ in the children that is later manifested in their studies (Sigman 1995, p. 456). A good example is shown in the research by Sigman (1995) where they record the number of school dropouts in relation to the exposure to these chemicals and the figures are alarmingly high as noted in the research (p. 456). The second notable effect is that there is reduction in reaction time that is recorded in such children which continues on to their adulthood (Sigman 1995, p. 456).Evidence has shown that exposure of humans to mercury raises the risk as well as propagates the damaging of the central nervous system as noted by Zhou, Naim and Wang (2007, p. 58). Cadmium on the other hand has been found to poison the human blood stream slowly until it reaches a lethal point when it w ill have damaged most of the vital organs and can be fatal too (Zhou, Naim and Wang 2007, p. 58). To be able to detect an exposure to these harmful substances, patients develop pulmonary emphysema, Anaemia, paralysis and weakened bones (p. 58). Lead is among the most lethal of them all since once injected/ induced into the body, it can hardly be excreted from the body (Zhou, Naim and Wang 2007, p. 58). This means that it continues to stay in the body for as long as one lives destroying organs like the reproductive system and the kidney (Zhou, Naim and Wang 2007, p. 58).Available data on battery usage and disposalThe source of damage of a battery is mostly in its charging. This is so because, batteries ought not to be charged while hotter than room temperature as this would lead to overheating that can result to explosion thus causing physical and psychological injury/ trauma (Potter 2005, p. 14 +). As a result of this, a charged battery that is not in use will loss 20-25 % of its ch arge within the first 24 hours (Potter 2005, p. 14). After that, another 7-10 % of the charge will be lost in the consecutive 24 hours after the first 24 hours while the remaining charge will be lost at the rate of 1 % per day from the third day (Potter 2005, p. 14).In Zhou, Naim and Wang (2007, p. 58), it is noted that one large battery has the potential of rendering a one meter square piece of land permanently unusable (Markus 2002). Using the same chemicals from batteries, research has also shown that a button of the same cell battery is capable of polluting as much as 600 tons of water that can be equated to the similar amount of water that an ordinary human being consumes in a lifetime (Tao 2002; Zhou, Naim and Wang 2007, p. 58).Industrial batteries have a usability life of 10-20 years while the battery of a truck can last for as long as 3 years (Miller 2004, p. 91). A car’s battery can last for 4 years and it has a weight of 21.4 pounds (Miller 2004, p. 91). Of all the lead produced in America, 80 % of it is used in battery production while research has shown that production of virgin lead can be less costly compared to recycled lead (Sigman 1995, p. 459). This is so because of the costs incurred in collecting used batteries from consumers around the country and beyond to extract the recyclable materials. The amount of lead that is recycled in China is less than 2 % while Germany remains to be the leading in recycling of batteries and its parts in the world.Disposal v/s RecyclingTo be able to salvage a dying battery, it is possible, if the battery cells have not died, to stabilize the battery for longer service. This can be achieved by charging the battery through Equalization and Maintenance Modes (Potter 2005, p. 14). Miller (2004) raises a red flag when it comes to incineration of batteries claiming that there is wastage of resources that are scarce and that incineration does not quite solve the problem but rather magnifies it (p. 91). For example, when sulphuric acid is ‘burnt’, there is emission of sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere that combines with water vapour to form sulphuric acid and sulphurous acids that are corrosive to most metallic surfaces like iron roofing and damage the plants (Ma 2003; Zhou, Naim and Wang 2007, p. 59).The materials that are used in the batteries can be recycled. For example, the plastics casings are made of polypropylene and they can be reprocessed to form new casings (Miller 2004, p. 91). Lead on the other hand can be melted and reformed to make lead plates and a number of other battery parts as argued by Miller (2004, p. 91). In the United States, research has shown that lead-acid batteries are the most recycled materials since the introduction of stringent standards pertaining health and environment (Recycling key to toxic waste management 1996, p. 35).Battery acid does utilize sodium sulfate which when improperly disposed can react with appropriate materials within the environ to form hydrogen sulphide which is a highly dangerous and odorless gas that can kill in minutes. To dispose this, the acid has to be neutralized first so that wherever this shall be poured; it shall not have adverse effects on the environment. A good recycling international company is DEWALT that actively participates with Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation (RBRC) and they specialize in recycling NiCad cells (Potter 2005, p. 15). Most of the batteries are sold and/ or disposed off to scrap battery dealers and ‘breakers’ who smelt them and remold them or resell them to other interested parties (Sigman 1995, p. 455).ConclusionIn conclusion, it is evident that there are many challenges that are posed by improper disposal of batteries. In this research, there have been focuses on the underlying effect that are and/ or may be brought about by exposures to the harmful materials that are used to make batteries. By understanding these dangers, it is then possible for people to make inf ormed decisions concerning the modes that they have been using to dispose off batteries. The discussion indicates that despite their hazardous nature, it is possible to re-utilize them to extent their service life if properly recycled thus reducing the need to mine for more resources especially those, which are rare like lead and mercury. This means that there is preservation of mines and resources for future generations. While the metallic and the plastic parts can be recycled, the liquid electrolytic part can hardly be recycled and hence requires neutralization to eliminate the corrosive factor for proper disposal.RecommendationsDue to the nature of the research, the learner recommends immense education to members of the public as far as battery usage, charging, disposal and recycling is concerned.There ought to be stringent policies that are capable of coercing people and organizations to come up with alternative means of storing energy that are both environmentally friendly and efficient in energy delivery.Bridging the gap that exists between the consumers who uses the battery as argued by Tsoulfas et al. (2002; Zhou, Naim and Wang 2007 p. 64), and the recycling plant by including the retainers as key players in collection of used batteries would help a great deal in improving the amount of recycled batteries. Battery incineration should be a thing of the past when there is increased efficiency in recycling.There should also be proposition of zero-mercury batteries for researchers to be able to bridge the gap that exist between research and practice.As mentioned in Donnelly (2002), there should be consideration of human health, animal health, conservation of land, water and air from pollution to make this world a habitable place (p. 33).