What Everyone Should Know About the Vietnam War

The Vietnam War was the prolonged struggle between nationalist forces attempting to unify the country of Vietnam under a communist government and the United States (with the aid of the South Vietnamese) attempting to prevent the spread of communism. Engaged in a war that many viewed as having no way to win, U.S. leaders lost the American publics support for the war. Since the end of the war, the Vietnam War has become a benchmark for what not to do in all future U.S. foreign conflicts. Dates of the Vietnam War: 1959 -- April 30, 1975 Also Known As: American War in Vietnam, the Vietnam Conflict, Second Indochina War, War Against the Americans to Save the Nation Ho Chi Minh Comes Home There had been fighting in Vietnam for decades before the Vietnam War began. The Vietnamese had suffered under French colonial rule for nearly six decades when Japan invaded portions of Vietnam in 1940. It was in 1941 when Vietnam had two foreign powers occupying them, that communist Vietnamese revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh arrived back in Vietnam after spending 30 years traveling the world. Once Ho was back in Vietnam, he established a headquarters in a cave in northern Vietnam and established the Viet Minh, whose goal was to rid Vietnam of the French and Japanese occupiers. Having gained support for their cause in northern Vietnam, the Viet Minh announced the establishment of an independent Vietnam with a new government called the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on September 2, 1945. The French, however, were not willing to give up their colony so easily and fought back. For years, Ho had tried to court the United States to support him against the French, including supplying the U.S. with military intelligence about the Japanese during World War II. Despite this aid, the United States was fully dedicated to their Cold War foreign policy of containment, which meant preventing the spread of communism. This fear of the spread of communism was heightened by the U.S. domino theory, which stated that if one country in Southeast Asia fell to communism then surrounding countries would also soon fall. To help prevent Vietnam from becoming a communist country, the U.S. decided to help France defeat Ho and his revolutionaries by sending the French military aid in 1950. Soldiers of the French Foreign Legion at Dien Bien Phu in north-west Vietnam, the site of a major battle between the French and the Vietminh in 1954. Ernst Haas/Getty Images France Steps Out, U.S. Steps In In 1954, after suffering a decisive defeat at Dien Bien Phu, the French decided to pull out of Vietnam. At the Geneva Conference of 1954, a number of nations met to determine how the French could peacefully withdraw. The agreement that came out of the conference (called the Geneva Accords) stipulated a cease-fire for the peaceful withdrawal of French forces and the temporary division of Vietnam along the 17th parallel (which split the country into communist North Vietnam and non-communist South Vietnam). In addition, a general democratic election was to be held in 1956 that would reunite the country under one government. The United States refused to agree to the election, fearing the communists might win. With help from the United States, South Vietnam carried out the election only in South Vietnam rather than countrywide. After eliminating most of his rivals, Ngo Dinh Diem was elected. His leadership, however, proved so horrible that he was killed in 1963 during a coup supported by the United States. Since Diem had alienated many South Vietnamese during his tenure, communist sympathizers in South Vietnam established the National Liberation Front (NLF), also known as the Viet Cong, in 1960 to use guerrilla warfare against the South Vietnamese. First U.S. Ground Troops Sent to Vietnam As the fighting between the Viet Cong and the South Vietnamese continued, the U.S. continued to send additional advisers to South Vietnam. When the North Vietnamese fired directly upon two U.S. ships in international waters on August 2 and 4, 1964 (known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident), Congress responded with the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. This resolution gave the president the authority to escalate U.S. involvement in Vietnam. President Lyndon Johnson used that authority to order the first U.S. ground troops to Vietnam in March 1965. President Johnson Announces Retaliation for Gulf of Tonkin Incident.   Historical/Getty Images Johnsons Plan for Success President Johnsons goal for U.S. involvement in Vietnam was not for the U.S. to win the war, but for U.S. troops to bolster South Vietnams defenses until South Vietnam could take over. By entering the Vietnam War without a goal to win, Johnson set the stage for future public and troop disappointment when the U.S. found themselves in a stalemate with the North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong. From 1965 to 1969, the U.S. was involved in a limited war in Vietnam. Although there were aerial bombings of the North, President Johnson wanted the fighting to be limited to South Vietnam. By limiting the fighting parameters, the U.S. forces would not conduct a serious ground assault into the North to attack the communists directly nor would there be any strong effort to disrupt the Ho Chi Minh Trail (the Viet Congs supply path that ran through Laos and Cambodia). Life in the Jungle U.S. troops fought a jungle war, mostly against the well-supplied Viet Cong. The Viet Cong would attack in ambushes, set up booby traps, and escape through a complex network of underground tunnels. For U.S. forces, even just finding their enemy proved difficult. Since Viet Cong hid in the dense brush, U.S. forces would drop Agent Orange or napalm bombs, which cleared an area by causing the leaves to drop off or to burn away. In every village, U.S. troops had difficulty determining which, if any, villagers were the enemy since even women and children could build booby traps or help house and feed the Viet Cong. U.S. soldiers commonly became frustrated with the fighting conditions in Vietnam. Many suffered from low morale, became angry, and some used drugs. Troops Fighting during the Tet Offensive in the Vietnam War. Bettmann/Getty Images Surprise Attack - The Tet Offensive On January 30, 1968, the North Vietnamese surprised both the U.S. forces and the South Vietnamese by orchestrating a coordinated assault with the Viet Cong to attack about a hundred South Vietnamese cities and towns. Although the U.S. forces and the South Vietnamese army were able to repel the assault known as the  Tet Offensive, this attack proved to Americans that the enemy was stronger and better organized than they had been led to believe. The  Tet Offensive  was a turning point in the war because President Johnson, faced now with an unhappy American public and bad news from his military leaders in Vietnam, decided to no longer escalate the war. Nixons Plan for Peace With Honor In 1969,  Richard Nixon  became the new U.S. president and he had his own plan to end U.S. involvement in Vietnam.   President Nixon  outlined a plan called Vietnamization, which was a process to remove U.S. troops from Vietnam while handing back the fighting to the South Vietnamese. The withdrawal of U.S. troops began in July 1969. To bring a faster end to hostilities, President Nixon also expanded the war into other countries, such as Laos and Cambodia—a move that created thousands of protests, especially on college campuses, back in America. To work toward peace, new peace talks began in Paris on January 25, 1969. When the U.S. had withdrawn most of its troops from Vietnam, the North Vietnamese staged another massive assault, called the  Easter Offensive  (also called the Spring Offensive), on March 30, 1972. North Vietnamese troops crossed over the demilitarized zone (DMZ) at the 17th parallel and invaded South Vietnam. The remaining U.S. forces and the South Vietnamese army fought back. Representatives from the four factions of the Vietnam War meet in Paris to sign a peace agreement. Bettmann/Getty Images The Paris Peace Accords On January 27, 1973, the peace talks in Paris finally succeeded in producing a cease-fire agreement. The last U.S. troops left Vietnam on March 29, 1973, knowing they were leaving a weak South Vietnam who would not be able to withstand another major communist North Vietnam attack. Reunification of Vietnam After the U.S. had withdrawn all its troops, the fighting continued in Vietnam. In early 1975, North Vietnam made another big push south which toppled the South Vietnamese government. South Vietnam officially surrendered to communist North Vietnam on April 30, 1975. On July 2, 1976, Vietnam was reunited as a  communist country, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Rape Is Not As Common, But It Happens - 1946 Words

Male rape is not as common, but it happens. There has been extensive research done on women and the effects of rape, but little research has explored male rape and the consequences/effects of rape that leaves the victim to deal with after the crime is committed (Walker, Archie, Davies, 2005, p. 69). The article, â€Å"Effects of Rape on Men: A Descriptive Analysis† (2005) focused on male rape victims and the effects that comes after this experience. Walker, Archer, and Davies (2005) conducted a study to extend the research that was done prior on male rape victims based on a clinical population (Walker, Archie, Davies, 2005, p. 69). However, walker and co-authors decided to take a different approach and investigate the effects of rape based on a non-clinical sample of men to provide a detailed analysis of the nature and effects of rape victims (males) who had been anally raped as adults, adults being defined as individuals sixteen years or older (Walker, Archie, Davies, 2005 , p. 70). The method of the study was fairly simple. Men were recruited from different sources through the media in the United Kingdom. The advertisements were placed in sources such as the newspaper, magazines directed at men only. A total of 40 participants took part in this study and was asked to complete a questionnaire asking them questions related to the rape relating to the characteristics of the assault, their perceptions of the assault, and whether they disclosed theShow MoreRelatedRape Culture And Rape Myths1634 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom getting raped. In this paper, I will discuss how living in a rape culture affects women and men, how does rape myths affect society and how we can change the negative effects of living in a rape culture and rape myths. In order to understand this, we must first define what rape is. Rape is unwanted sexual attentions or actions that are directed to a person. Rape can happen to anyone but it is most common to happen women. Rape happens to women around the ages of 16-24 and it is â€Å"considered to beRead MoreRape Essay888 Words   |  4 PagesWalker Intro to Women’s Studies Dr. David Magill March 11th 2013 The Misconceptions and Realities of Rape Why do people rape and what do rapists earn from committing this crime? Is it the pleasure of seeing someone in fear, or pain, or is it the pleasure of their screams? I will never know the answer to these questions. All I know is that rape is beyond immoral and depraved, and is a serious crime. Rape is a very strong word and often makes people feel really uncomfortable talking about it, especiallyRead MoreIs Rape A Crime Committed?1136 Words   |  5 PagesCrime, like many other topics, has common misconceptions. These misconceptions are proliferated by the biased media and other sources and is then passed down generations. People live their entire lives believing that a biased statement is a fact. They, in turn, teach those under them the same lies. The two misconceptions that will be discussed in this paper are about the common belief that rape is a crime committed by strangers and that â€Å"black on black† crime is a valid social construct. It willRead MoreThe Second Rap e Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesThe Second Rape We live in a world where rape is common and is normalized to be part of a behavior and not a crime. Women are often given tips on how to avoid being raped or how to defend themselves from being rape (Gerdes). Society, in fact, is making people understand rape and cope around it when it’s unacceptable. Once society acknowledges that rape is bound to happen to any woman, rapists tend to blame the victim. There are several factors in which rape victims are being held responsibleRead MoreSexual Assault Is The Legal Term For Rape922 Words   |  4 Pagesand everybody by throwing your life away? Sexual Assault is a very serious crime that happens all over the world. However, it is most common on college campuses. 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During the summer, there was a sexual assault course called Haven that was a requirement for every student at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. This course contained information about rape, sexual assaul t, and the ways drugs can be used to rape people. After learningRead MoreRape And Sexual Assault, And Severe Injury Essay958 Words   |  4 PagesRape Sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy, and severe injury are all results of rape. Sexual assault is a criminal act in which a predator forcibly has intercourse with a person. There are many different types of rape. Stranger rape is a form of rape where victims are randomly chosen and do not know their rapist. The most common type of sexual assault is known as acquaintance rape. Acquaintance rape occurs when the predator knows his, or her, victim. Some examples of acquaintance are includingRead MoreAquaintance Rape Essay667 Words   |  3 PagesAquaintance Rape There are many types of rape. A very important type of rape is acquaintance rape. According to a researcher named R. Lance Shotland, there may be five kinds of acquaintance rape: beginning, early, relational, rape within sexually active couples (RSCA) with battery and RSAC without battery. They are described both in terms of length of the relationship and previous sexual activity. The first type of acquaintance rape is the beginning date rape. This form of rape happens within

Effective Communication At The Core Of Providing Patient...

In order for a culture change to be embraced and sustained over an extended period of time, knowledgeable leaders who are inspired and believe in the need for change, is essential (Piper, 2011, p. 129). PFCC within a local context will be the focus of this social and cultural analysis. Frampton et al. (2008) state, â€Å"If the single most important criterion by which patients judge us is by the way we interact with them, it stands to reason that effective communication is at the core of providing patient-centered care† (p. 78) and unfortunately effective communication often lacks within our health care system (Alharbi, Carlstrom, Ekman, Jarneborn, Olsson, 2014, p. 5). Furthermore, Alharbi et al. (2014) highlights several personal experiences from patients themselves that had affected their health care experience, as a result of ineffective communication (p. 5). For example, several patients felt as though their illness experience and input regarding their treatment options a nd plan of care were irrelevant, as HCP’s appeared inattentive to what their patients had to say, making the patients feel invisible (Alharbi et al., 2014, p. 5). Furthermore, patients felt as though their HCP’s spent more time using technology than actually conversing with them and often felt as though their HCP’s took on a more authoritarian stance to decision making, rather than embracing a collaborative partnership (Alharbi et al., 2014, p. 5). HCP’s must also consider that a patient may not want toShow MoreRelatedHealth Care Through The Eyes Of The Patient1194 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Care Through The Eyes of The Patient A particular emphasis on the different areas of nursing, such as patient-centered care has captured the interest of many. 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However, it is imperative to ensure improvement is quality improvement, thus advancing patient care while still protecting patient safety. Quality and Safety Education in Nursing provides goals and guidelines for providing the best care. Prioritizing patient-centered care, quality improvement, and teamwork provides methods to increase patient safety, while excellent patient care can be maximized when strivingRead MoreHealthcare Workers Treat Patients with the Utmost Level of Care949 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose beside the objective of treating patients’ ailments in an efficient and effective manner. Nurses, physicians, and health care provide rs across the board uphold the duty to treat patients with the utmost value of care. 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The Quality Management team’s goal will be to continually strive to improve the care their organization delivers. In order for this to be achieved their must goals and objectives to work towards. The success of these goals and objectives are dependent upon The Quality Management Structure of the organization. With proper implementation and management of the quality care initiative, the organization should an improvement in patient safety and clinicalRead MoreThe Role Of A Nurse On An Interprofessional Team And The Challenges1065 Words   |  5 PagesInterprofessional team collaboration for professional nurses is viewed as a method to improve the care and safety for patients. However, interprofessional team collaboration presents both advantages and challenges for nurses and other team members. One of the advantages is the coordination of care for the patient and the sharing of k nowledge to improve the outcomes for the patient. 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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different interdisciplinary methods of patient-clinician communication. This topic is important to me because having the ability to be effective in my communication results in satisfaction, fulfillment, quality, safety, contentment, and peace. I hope to become successful in understand and to beunderstood in my communication

Compare and Contrast the depiction of London in Wordsworths Upon Westminster Bridge and Blakes London Essay Example For Students

Compare and Contrast the depiction of London in Wordsworths Upon Westminster Bridge and Blakes London Essay Wordsworth traditionally wrote poems of a rural theme, focussing particularly on nature and the natural world; this can be related to the fact that he spent most of his life living in the Lake District and so it is a little unusual for Wordsworth to have written a poem based on London. It was written on what he saw as he passed by London on his way to Dover and shows his perception of London from Westminster Bridge. Many would argue that since he didnt look deeper into London and see the downside of the city life, that his poem creates an outlook on London that would more commonly be associated with tourists as opposed to Londoners. Blake on the other hand, is a Londoner, and his view on London seems darker and casts a rather gloomy image about the place. The poems were only written four years apart from each other, and there is no strong evidence to suggest that such a large change occurred between the two dates that the poems were written. Wordsworths Upon Westminster Bridge is a classic sonnet in terms of structure. It is split into the octet and sestet and is composed using iambic pentameter each line having ten syllables with a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable. The octet, as is traditionally the case, describes the subject in question (usually sonnets are meant to be love poems based on women subjects, however, in this instance the subject of Wordsworths love is London). For the remaining six lines (the sestet), the poet will respond to the octet, normally using his/hers emotions as the basis for content. William Blakes London uses a far more basic and customary format with the regular four line stanzas and in this instance using iambic tetrameter, which yet again involves moving from unstressed to stressed syllables, however, there are only eight syllables per line as opposed to the ten syllables per line seen in Wordsworths sonnet. Biasness is unequivocally present in both Wordsworths and Blakes poems, they both set out to show the reader that theyre right though both poems completely contradict each other. Wordsworth appears to have nothing but praise and admiration for the majesty of London, whilst Blake is stern in his condemnation of London, and prefers to display its darker side. The time of day at which both poems were written reflects the difference in attitude towards London. Wordsworth writes his in The beauty of the morning a time of day traditionally associated with peace and tranquillity and that often brings about a more optimistic outlook towards life as a whole. However, contrast this with Blake, who appears to have constructed his poem at nightfall. Not only does this create a dark and gloomy image, but it is also the time of day commonly associated with the criminal side of cities when the likes of prostitutes are more likely to be seen. Both times of day produce conflicting images in readers minds and it provides the base on which the rest of the poems are compiled on. Wordsworth has chosen quite a audacious opening to Upon Westminster Bridge by proclaiming that; Earth has not anything to show more fair Its an emphatic way to open the poem and clearly drives across just how much Wordsworth was taken in by London and its alleged beauty. The statement itself is clear and unambiguous and it draws the attention of the reader immediately. Immediately Wordsworths feelings towards London are known and the tone is set for the rest of the poem to follow up the resounding start. Wordsworth has further managed to make great use of the iambic pentameter, with the word Earth being the stressed syllable, it further emphasises the point Wordsworth is attempting to make. Personification is quite frequently used throughout Upon Westminsters Bridge and helps create a delusion of grandeur. The city now doth like a garment wear The beauty of the morning; silent, bare. The use of personification here creates the image of luxury and wealth and this type of image is maintained throughout. Later on, the river glideth at his own sweet will Here the personification is perhaps more apparent, but nonetheless it still describes appearance and further produces an image of majesty and luxury. What is more than a little surprising is just how far Wordsworth goes to explain fully his reaction upon seeing London. Ispahan Carpet EssayJust like the streets, the Thames is chartered and another pivotal word used is flow. Wordsworth prefers to say that the river glideth which alters the characteristic of the river, making it seem more spontaneous and exciting, however, by stating it flows, he is taking away the spontaneous characteristic of the river, it creates the image that like the city, the river is nothing special and in the end, is just another river. Throughout his poem, Wordsworth talks about the tranquillity of London how the houses seem asleep and how he has never felt, a calm so deep! The exclamatory punctuation seen at the end helps contribute to the generally exciting and enthusiastic aura. However, in comparison to this, Blakes poem seems to suggest a slightly unruly and awake London. Blake includes about the youthful harlots curse and chimney-sweepers cry and this provides a sense of a London that is never quite at peace. It would perhaps be a little nai ve to suggest that Blake views London as an ever boisterous city, though he certainly seems to imply that London never sleeps and is rarely, if ever, inactive. A large emphasis in Blakes poem is placed on dark imagery such as youthful harlots curse and Runs in blood down palace walls. However, out of all the varying imagery Blake uses, one of the cleverer uses of language in the poem is arguably In every infants cry of fear The word that will clearly stand out is fear and that is the most apparent inclusion of the dark imagery in that particular phrase, however, the infant is quite a significant choice of people. Normally infants arent expected to be fearful, they are commonly perceived to be cheerful and excite able, joy is a word that would be more commonly associated with infants as opposed to fear and that in itself is quite a powerful use of imagery. The conclusion of Blakes poem is an image of darkness, almost a sense of hidden danger (midnight) prostitution and of course its resultant disease. However, Blake appears to leave potentially the most dark and potent line of them all till the end; And blights with plague s the marriage hearse. It virtually slows down the whole poem to breaking point. Marriage was frequently seen as the most sacred of vows, yet here it is, in the most poignant of statements, perhaps a symbolism of the decayed and general corruption of the London life. On the other hand, William Wordsworths poem seems to predominantly build up to a crescendo of excitement, to a point until he can no longer hold back the true extent of his joy at seeing London. The proceeding twelve lines, although served a purpose of their own, appear to be building up to a short two-worded phrase that perfectly sums up the whole of Wordsworths attitude towards the city. The exclamatory punctuation seen at the end of Dear God! gives the impression as being the climax of the whole poem. This is then followed up in the last line and a half, by a prevailing mood of peace and contentment, alas that might heart is lying still. The impressions that both poets aim to make are entirely different, a factor that is reflected in the type of language used. Wordsworth, who seeks to describe the sense of majestic freedom that he saw in London, uses only positive diction; never a bad word about London is uttered so as not to spoil his image of grandeur. In comparison, Blake, who seeks to express his disgust in the nature of London and the lifestyle that is lead within its boundaries, uses only negative language and never an optimistic word is written. In reality, the truth is probably somewhere in between these two representations, though through the biased eyes of these two poets, the true variation that London has to offer is displayed magnificently.

The Career of Musical Virtuoso Buckethead Essay Example For Students

The Career of Musical Virtuoso Buckethead Essay Bucketed has performed on more than 90 albums, both solo and in collaboration with many other artists. Bucketed was born Brian Patrick Carroll in 1969. Brian began playing the guitar at the age of twelve. He had stated in an interview with Guitar Magazine in 1996, l did not become serious until the following summer when I moved to Claremont from Huntington Beach, CA. My playing improved with lessons from various teachers, most notably, Paul Gilbert, with whom I studied for over a year. (Guitar Magazine 1996) Brains solo career (as Bucketed) officially began in 1988 when he entered a song called Bravos into a contest for Guitar Player magazine. The song was was placed in second, but received high praise among the editors: An astonishingly killed guitarist and bassist, he demonstrates post-Paul Gilbert speed and accuracy filtered through very kinky harmonic sensibilities. His psychotropic, demonic edge is very, very far removed from the click ©s of classical metal and rock. We will write a custom essay on The Career of Musical Virtuoso Buckethead specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A real talent to watch, also known as Bucketed. (Guitar Player magazine 1988) In 1989, he entered a second contest a year later with a song called Choose and came out with the same result. Later that year, Bucketed formed his very own band called the Deli Creeps and played lead guitar for the group. But the band proved to be unsuccessful throughout he ass as theyve recorded two demo tapes, but could not find a record label to sign with. However, in 2005, they were able to release their first and only album, Dawn of the Deli Creeps. Other musical projects that Bucketed was involved with include Praxis and various movie soundtracks. Brains solo career also continued throughout the ass, not Just as Bucketed, but also as another character, Death Cube K. Many believe, however, that Death Cube K is a separate entity that looks like a photographic negative version of Bucketed with a black chrome mask, like Dearth Evader. This apparition haunts Bucketed and appears in his nightmares. (Bucketed FAQ v 1. 01) Brian has only released six albums as Death Cube K. And after releasing two solo demo tapes, Bucketed released his very first official studio album in 1992 entitled Backhandedly, a second album in 1994 called Giant Robot, and third in 1998 Calm, dedicated to his mother who was sick with colon cancer at the time. By the time the New Millennia came around, Bucketed became a nation-wide sensation in the underground music scene. In 1999, Bucketed collaborated with world renowned bassist Less Calypso to record Buckwheats currently best selling album to date, Monster and Robots. In the year 2000, Brian Carroll received the chance of a lifetime to play guitar for one of the most famous bands in the world, Guns n Roses. Of course, he still kept the mask and the bucket as he is a very shy Chinese Democracy. During the time that he was with Guns n Roses, he kept the momentum going with his own career by still releasing solo albums and working with his other side projects. Four years after Joining them, Brian sparked a little bit of controversy with Guns n Roses, especially with Axle, by leaving the band because of Guns inability to complete n album or tour. ( Buckwheats Hand Puppet Says Goodbye To Guns N Roses) Since that time, Buckwheats popularity in the independent scene grew steadily. It grew even more so when the popular 2006 video game Guitar Hero II launched, with Buckwheats Jordan being a playable song. Forty-seven studio albums, four special releases, one extended play and fifty-plus recordings with other artists. Brian Carroll continues to inspire tod ays youth with the Bucketed character by constantly releasing new albums every single year. There is no end in sight for the ever expanding musical career of Bucketed.

10 Reasons You Should Be Using Blog Comments

10 Reasons You Should Be Using Blog Comments Ask anyone how they promote their blog, and chances are pretty good that commenting on other blogs wont top the list. Most of us turn to social media to promote our blogs  because it works, and works quickly and measurably. With all of the social media outlets available, and a recent startling movement by a few large blogs to close blog comment sections, its easy to dismiss the idea of using your precious time going to blogs and leaving comments. Often, the comments you see are either great post, thanks!, blatant link spam, or (horrors) like something youd find in YouTube. Why Are Blog Comments Losing Favor? Bloggers have a love-hate relationship with their own blog comment section, too, for several reasons. Blog comments are not great for measurement. Judging your blog by the comments section can be disheartening. Though the number of comments helps towards your social proof, it is often less an indicator of actual readership and more an indicator of how controversial your post is. The truth is, blog comment numbers arent an accurate indicator of actual readership. Most readers dont participate on your blog, a phenomenon known as participation inequality. This means that 90% of the people lurk and dont participate, while 1% account for most of the participation. (Nielsen Norman Group) This means, as Nielsen pointed out, that blog comment sections arent a good place to get feedback because 1% of the people doing the talking might not be the most ideal percentage to base changes on. You might have nine readers that love what youre writing, but if you only hear from the one that doesnt (and more often than not, people are spurred on by a negative reaction to leave a comment), it is disheartening. Blog comments are tempting for spammers. Incessant spamming is one of the reasons Copyblogger decided to close the comment section on their blog. The amount of time it took to police spam comments, and the sheer volume, was a tipping point. In a little over eight years, Copyblogger has published more than 130,000 approved comments. Which is pretty amazing, right? But over that period, that’s only about 4% of the comments that were left on the site. The remaining 96% were pointless, time-wasting spam. Thats over 3 million spam comments that Copyblogger has had thrown their direction!  On my low-traffic personal WordPress blog, I am frequently blown away by the amount of spam I receive in the comments. In just a few months, the numbers climb high. Granted, I have a plugin in place to catch nearly all of it (as does Copyblogger), but there are still a handful each day that gets by and end up in my email asking for moderation. I can only imagine how much Copyblogger had to deal with. Numbers that big are terrifying to some degree when I realize how quickly, without a simple spam plugin, my blogs comment section would a disaster. Spammers are incredibly sneaky. Ever get one of those comments that you just cant be sure if its spam or not, its that real? Spammers know that many bloggers require moderation only on the first comment made on a site. Once theyve been approved, they have free rein. So they leave a comment that you decide is real, and open the door to them. The threat of spammers, and the wasted time dealing with them, is exhausting. Blog comments have to be moderated. When it comes to comments on my personal blog, I have my WordPress settings as tight as they can be and a strict policy in place as to what kinds of comments Ill allow (no insulting me or other readers, stay on topic, no excessively foul language, etc.).  Spammers and the bad behavior of netizens  have forced me to moderate my comments when in the early days of blogging I took pride in letting the discussion unfold in real time sans moderation. I regret that I have to moderate, but without moderation, conversation can turn ugly. Bloggers are responsible for what appears on their blog; it is their property. You do not want to allow questionable comments that insult, attack, threaten or suggest harm to another person. While logical fallacies, overused memes, and trolls are probably inevitable even in legitimate comments, most of the truly awful you can head off at the pass by simply keeping it from being published. Moderation of blog comments means comments dont appear right away. It means some commenters dont understand why their comments dont appear and they submit multiple similar comments. It means some folks get upset when they dont see their legitimate comment right away and get after you for censoring   them (yep, its happened to me). But without moderation of comments, your blog will be spam central. Long and short of it? Because of spammers and people who cant behave, your comment section is going to take some effort to maintain and protect. Moderation will be required. Bloggers are afraid of Google. The idea of your comments section somehow bringing a penalty to your site is terrifying to bloggers. Though Matt Cutts has reassured bloggers that taking part in blog comments in a legitimate way is perfectly fine, recent penalty action taken by Google has bloggers a bit on edge. With good moderation and spam controls, and making sure that links in the comments section are no follow (which WordPress now does) you can protect yourself somewhat. It is important to take a serious rein on your comments section and be purposeful about it. You dont have to be afraid of SEO penalties as long as you protect your own comments section and dont use other blogs comments sections as a way to spam for your own site. Conversation is on the social networks, not the blog. Another reason Copyblogger provided for ending their comments was that the discussion was happening elsewhere, on social media.  This is discouraging if you are trying to build social proof on your actual blog, and see social media comment streams as a form of sharecropping your content off of your blog property. A blog comments section might seem antiquated in the face of this new conversation. If youve been blogging a while, youve probably noticed that social media has meant two things for your blog comments: They have dwindled considerably as people go to social media. The comments are shorter as social media shortens attention spans or gives people a place to write their own thoughts. (In the early days of blogging, some blog commenters had no blogs; they used blog commenting as the way they built their online reputation and authority.) Comment systems, though, are evolving. Plugins that support social media integration, or a comment system like Disqus, help tie your blogs comments into that social pulse. In that sense, you can bring that outside conversation back onto your own property. People are doing it wrong. Yes, some people (as in, you and me an others) arent doing the whole blog commenting thing the right way. Its hard to have purely altruistic motives, sometimes. What is it were doing? Well We participate in blog comments for linking purposes.  If you head into it at all thinking that youll get a link back to your site, youre doing it wrong. Youll be moderated, spammed, and possibly penalized. All we have to say is nice post, good job.  A comment section is for conversation. While Im familiar with the feeling of enjoying a post, having nothing to say, but wanting to let the blogger know, it would be better to share the post on social media and say this was a good post rather than create acres of comments that say good job. Anyone else roll their eyes when trying to sift through good job! and I agree! comments to get to something meatier? Were trolls. Were just there to argue and be jerks. Lets admit it. Weve all lost it in a blog comments section somewhere, and hang our heads in shame at who we became. We dont understand our comment is in the wrong place. How many times have you read a blog post where the author helpfully suggested a tech fix of some sort, just to be kind, and the comment section quickly fills with people (of all temperaments) wanting help from the author troubleshooting why it didnt work?   Sometimes we mistake a blog post on a particular topic as the place to go for help on that topic, and it isnt. Blog comments are for the strong. New to blogging? You may or may not be ready for the emotional toll some blog comments can take on you, depending upon what kind of posts you write and how much of a flashpoint your topics are. Blog comments can be hurtful and discouraging if you let them get to you. Even if you moderate them, you are still going to read them whether you publish them or not. It can be an open door to letting people shred or mock what was a very important thing to write about. If you are prone to taking things personally or are unable to distance yourself from what random strangers say to you, blog comments can be a real drag on your motivation to keep blogging. On the other hand, if you stick with it, you learn a very valuable skill: how to ignore people who are insignificant in your life. Comments on your blog will either give you a thick skin or cause you to give up.Why Blog Comments Are Important After reading all of that–practically an entire blog post on why you should abandon blog comments ASAP!–you might be convinced to do just that. Surely they arent worth the hassle or the threat of your innocent blog commenting activity creating a penalty for your blog. Hold on just a minute. Most of us arent Copyblogger, and arent experiencing the level of spam they were. Most of us dont have the volume of conversation happening elsewhere that they do; our social media conversations are smaller and need a home base on the blog. And, most importantly, participating in the comment sections of blogs does have a positive impact. All of the negatives aside, I love blog comments on a carefully moderated blog. Why? 1. Discover new blogs. I have probably found more useful sites, links, information, and downloads not through online searches but by people in blog comment sections sharing a relevant source. Plus, a well-written comment with a thoughtful take on the topic will often cause me to visit the website of the commenter. That comment is a preview of how their blog posts will be. I have found a huge chunk of the blogs I load into my RSS reader through blog comments sections, and where do you suppose I turn when I want to find content to share? That RSS reader. Taking time and leaving a relevant, useful comment is a way to bring people over to your website. Plugging yourself shamelessly in every post is a turn-off. 2. Learn more about the topic. A well-researched blog post isnt all there is to say on a topic. Word count or time restrictions can keep your ultimate guide blog post from not quite being the ultimate guide. The experience, knowledge, and resources commenters can bring to your post in the comment section add to the understanding of the topic. Im fairly certain, for example, that when you get to the end of this post, youll be thinking she forgot to mention this important thing and youll take it upon yourself to mention it (hint hint). Thats the beauty of blog comments: readers get to help build on the original post, helping the author and other readers learn more about the topic. Whether opposing view or adding to the supporting view, theres more to be said about most topics, and readers can help each other by commenting. 3. The enjoyment of being a regular. A coffee shop near where I work knows what Im going to order before I order it. I love that. I love going in and having them pick up the conversation where we left off. Its the joy of being a regular. The comment section of your blog is where the regulars (or the usual suspects, if its that kind of blog :-) gather. They know each other, they know your blog and can link back to old posts or other specific comments from the past. Regulars help turn your blog from being a sequential posting of articles into something organic that references itself. Plus, theres the ownership issue. I have had a handful of people who have read and commented on my personal blog for more than ten years, some of whom Ive met and weve become real-life friends. When you comment (and get response) regularly on a blog, you almost feel like you have ownership there, that its important you stay involved. Thats exactly the kind of reader and commenter you want.  Heck, some regulars even police the comments section and help you, as if they were forum moderators. They feel like its partly their place, too, and they want to help keep it clean. Blog comment sections are like the coffee house of the internet, where you introduce the discussion and let the regulars get busy discussing it. 4. Networking that works. Taking part in your own blog comment section shows the world youre not a hermit.  It says that you   are not just a one-way street, blasting your content out to them but unwilling to hear them back. (This is especially important if you are trying to build your blog traffic and get a bigger audience.) Being a one-way content pusher is sort of the equivalent of handing out business cards en masse and not bothering to do much listening as you turn around and walk away. It doesnt work. The back and forth conversation in blog comments, and and honest willingness to listen, is good networking. Just like you find new blogs to read, you make connections with the other regulars and break free of the limited circles of your social media. Blog comment sections bring in people you might not have discovered, otherwise, and truly expand your networking circles. One-sided networking never works. In order to make connections that matter, we have to be willing to give and take, and meet people outside of our usual social groups. 5. People link to where theyre being talked about. Ive found that if I have written a post that is getting some serious comment action, involving other bloggers and asking questions often leads to them writing a post about the conversation, and linking to my original post.  When Ive had a long run in a comment section and been actively participating, and I think Ive left some pretty good comments, you know what I do? I link to the post and often blog about it. It functions on the same principle as why small town newspapers run so many photos of the local sports team. I learned early on as a small town newspaper reporter that mentioning the names of people in the community in stories, and featuring their kids in school activities, was how you sold papers. Its the same reason people buy that expensive Whos Who book: theyre listed in it. We like to promote whats promoting us. 6. Easier-to-follow conversations. A lot of conversation happens on social media, sure, but it isnt always easy to follow. Some might be on Twitter (where following a discussion is like chasing the tail of a kite on a windy day), others on Google+. Different people saying interesting things, but because those multiple conversations are on different platforms? Never the two shall meet. And, conversation on social media fades away as the news feeds change. Its always been a frustration of mine that this happens. Admittedly, some of the social features of some comment systems that adjust the order of the comments according to votes by readers can be confusing, as they arent a threaded in-order conversation. While that technique helps commenters police out bad comments (in theory) it does add to confusion, too. But, at least all of the discussion is in one place. Taking part in blog comment sections makes it easier for readers who find the post to follow along and make sense of how the discussion goes. Latecomers can see what has already been said. 7. Social proof for your blog. If you see a listing of four blog posts, three with 6 comments listed, and one with 145 comments listed, which post are you going to dive into? Probably the 145-comment post. Clearly there is something going on there and lots of people are actively talking. We like to see what others are talking about, and we are more likely to join in because there are enough others in the conversation that it wont be too terrifying (this is especially true for lurkers who dont participate much). This is social proof in action, the idea that where we see a crowd, there must be something good.  Asking questions in your own comments is a good way to keep the ball rolling. Comments help encourage other comments; its a very good reason to respond to comments in your blog posts. Blog comments are great social proof. The more you have, the more you get.8. Get new ideas for fresh content. Has this ever happened to you? You write a post about topic. The discussion is active, and you find yourself leaving long comments. Pretty soon you think its probably best to write a whole new blog post because the topic has expanded and given you a lot to talk about, all thanks to the blog comments section. At the very least, youve probably found yourself realizing that there were questions or directions your readers have suggested that would make a great new blog post (or two or three). Thats happened here on this blog, even. It was in our blog comments where a reader brought up the need for social proof. It was a comment that piqued my curiosity and got me doing some research. I eventually wrote a blog post. Ive also written blog posts based on comments found on other blogs, too. Inevitably, I link back to the other blog (win for them), and I get a great post idea (win for me). Plus, I have a legitimate reason to leave a comment and say I wrote a post about this here and perhaps get some new readers. The comment section is a great place for idea generation. Its a group of people, batting ideas around.

Words for Winter Sports in Spanish

Words for Winter Sports in Spanish Most Spanish-speaking countries arent known for the winter sports, even though some of the worlds best skiing, even if less developed than elsewhere, can be found in some of them. As a result, many of the Spanish words for winter sports have been imported, so if youre ever skiing in the Andes of South America or in the Pyrenees of Spain, dont be surprised to hear statements or phrases like hacemos snowboard and el halfpipe. Such linguistic adaptations shouldnt be surprising. After all, English words such as ski and slalom come from Norwegian. Importing from other languages is one of the most common ways for a languages to grow, and Spanish is no exception. Pronunciation of imported words generally more or less follows that of the originating language with some variations. For example, the h of hockey may not be silent, and the word may end up sounding something like the English hokey. Here are the Spanish words for some of the most common winter and snow sports such as those you would find at the Winter Olympics: biathlon - biatlà ³n bobsleigh - bobsleigh cross-country skiing - esquà ­ de fondo, esquà ­ nà ³rdico curling - curling downhill skiing - esquà ­ alpino figure skating - patinaje artà ­stico (sobre hielo) (a skate is un patà ­n)hockey - hockey (sobre hielo) luge - luge short-track skating - patinaje en pista corta, patinaje short-track skeleton - skeleton, esquà ©leton skiing - esquiar (a ski is un esquà ­)ski jump - salto de esquà ­ slalom - eslalon snowboarding - snowboard, surfear en nieve, surf blanco (a snowboard is un snowboard, una plancha para nieve or una tabla para nieve)speed skating - patinaje de velà ³cidad (sobre hielo)